Nelson Mandela and Apartheid

Apartheid was a racial-segregation policy. It divided the black, mixed and indian natives from the white.

Nelson Mandela was a man that fought for Africa to have unity and liberty. He wanted to bring down the white man's violence. He was tired of racism and apartheid.

Nelson Mandela, went to jail for 27 years. Throughout his time in prison, he thought about all the freedom he wanted for everyone. These thoughts led to journals of ideas. He allowed to hear different ideas to free any race. He used civil disobedience and and served as president, for the countries he freed. He risked his life for thousands.

He is so admired by the authors of these articles and sites because there is no one out there like him. This man has a powerful uniqueness. No one can be like him.

African Independence

Tradition became a huge thing for West Indians (that originated from Africa) and other Africans. They wanted to express their traditions, Europe was ready to let go of Africa after WWII. Many Africans became well educated. Creating a middle class and following the independence of many other nations. People were sparked by outsiders to make sure Europeans were wiped out of Africa.

Africa had many leaders because there were so many provinces. These leaders were inspired by African-American leaders.

They had Leopold Senghor, who leaded Sengal and later became president. Kwame Nkrumah became Ghana's first prime minister. Marcus Garvey was jamaican born, but his goal was to lead Europeans out of Africa and have Africa ruled by Africans. Jomo Kenyatta led Kenya through a harsh independence. And many others.

The Cuban Missile Crisis

The Cuban Missile Crisis was nuclear weapons that the Soviet Union had installed in Cuba. Cuba was a communist country just like the Soviet Union. The Soviet Union only had missiles that could reach Europe, but Western Europe was not the only capitalist continent. The Soviet Union had to reach America some how. Luckily for the Soviet Union, Cuba was a communist country and only 90 miles away from the shores of Florida.

After seeing pictures of the plans that Cuba had on the U.S., Americans started to get worried. So John F. Kennedy took the time to explain the Soviet Union had to remove their weapons. He also explained that he had built a navy blockade around the country. After seeing no change, Kennedy was ready to order the navy soldiers to attack. Which led to the Soviet Union coming up with a deal. If the U.S. would leave Cuba alone, then Russia would take out all its missiles in Cuba. But when a shot was saw and heard over Cuba, war was about to being. However another proposal was made instead, (although the first one was the one used). Keeping this situation a clean Cold War.

This is why this point in the Cold War is called the hottest point. Through out the whole Cold War no one fought. It was just one situation after another. When this happened and war almost broke out, this was considered the closes physical contact. Which made it the hottest point in the Cold War.

In the end, trust was the only thing left. Russia removed its missiles because they trusted the U.S. would not invade Cuba.